by Gnifrus Urquart
Have you heard the term “leverage” when people are discussing their investments? This can be quite a confusing and daunting concept for many people. But all leverage really means, is borrowing to invest. The reason people call it “leverage” is because typically existing assets are used as the security or basis of the borrowing. That is, you leverage off the value of a current investment or asset, to borrow more money to invest.
This article covers the general principles of leveraging your investments. If it is something you are considering but have never done before, discuss your ideas with a licensed financial adviser. They will ensure you are structured correctly and can minimise your risk and exposure.
10 years ago, my borrowing habits were what I would call “typical” in today’s society. I had a credit card, which ranged between $0.00 to about $4,000.00 in debt. I had a small personal loan which I bought some furniture with and I had a larger personal loan which I financed a car purchase with.
There are 2 problems with this type of borrowing. Firstly, all the assets I bought with the borrowed money were depreciating assets. This means that as I paid off the debt, the value of the things I bought decreased. Secondly, as I purchased “consumables”, the interest I paid on these loans was not tax deductible. This makes for a very expensive borrowing.
Today, due to the many benefits I found you get when you borrowing to invest, my debt profile is anything but typical. I now have much more debt, but I have borrowed to buy appreciating and income generating assets. For example, I have a massive debt on a property in Victoria, Australia. I also have a reasonable size margin loan helping me make money in a successful stock trading strategy. And finally, as per all foreign exchange trading accounts, I have an account which is leveraged out (and heavily too, at 400:1 – so every $1 I put in allows me to invest $400). My debt on consumables on the other hand is negligible.
Why is it more efficient to use your borrowings for investing then?
Borrowing to invest increases your ability to earn investment returns. Its simple maths really. You have more money to invest because you borrowed some, so when you invest the money wisely, you’ll earn more returns. There is one additional variable to this equation though to keep in mind, the interest on the loan. Your investment strategy must be strong enough that the additional earnings are higher than the interest on the borrowings. Otherwise your net position is actually going backwards. Ie. Overall, you are losing money.
Generally speaking also, interest payments on investment borrowing are tax deductible (get advice from your accountant on this point). As the borrowings have been made to increase your income, the interest payments on the loans are a direct cost of your income production. This typically makes the interest payments a tax deduction. For example, as my investment property creates a rental income, the borrowing are a cost associated with producing that rental income.
This works exactly the same in the margin loan I am using to help with my stock market investments. I have borrowed some money in a margin loan (I usuall try and keep the leverage here at about 1:1, so every dollar of my own I invest gives me another to invest) and pay interest every month on that loan. My stock market strategy pays me my consistent income every month, which is more than the interest on the margin loan. And then, at the end of the tax year, I deduct the interest payments from the money I earned, gaining a tax advantage.
Those are some of the benefits you can gain by borrowing to invest. There are risks too though, so it is very important to get independent financial advice if you are thinking about leverage.
The first risk with borrowing to invest is the same with all loans. Loans come with obligations. You need to be able to fund the repayments, both the principle and the interest. So you need to do your sums properly and work out whether your income can cover these repayments. If you mess this up and over-extend yourself, typically your lender will come and seize your goods and assets and sell them to get their money back. This is never a good position to be in.
A margin loan is treated a little bit differently. If you borrow too much or the value of your investments drops suddenly, you will be at risk of paying margin calls. This means your lender will ask you to pay off a portion of the loan, so that the outstanding loan is in a reasonable level when compared to the reduced level of collateral. This can be quite a large issue if your investments drop by a long way. If you cannot meet the margin call obligations, your lender has the right to sell your investments.
There is alway also the possibility that your trading strategy loses money. If this happens, because you borrowed so you could invest more, you lose more money.
One of the reasons its important to speak to a licensed financial adviser is that these risk can be managed properly with the correct strategy. This will make managing your risk much easier and making money on you borrowing much easier. With the right strategy, leveraging your investments can be extremely beneficial.
About the Author:
Gnifrus Urquart has had impressive success investing for many years. As such, he likes discussing
investment strategies and offering
trading tips to anyone interested in investing